Integrative Biomedical Research (Journal of Angiotherapy)
Integrative Biomedical Research (Journal of Angiotherapy) | Online ISSN  3068-6326
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Integrative Biomedical Research (Journal of Angiotherapy)
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Volume 8 Number 1 2024

Article Contents

REVIEWS   (Open Access)
Contents Vol 8 (6)

Effectiveness of EMS Interventions in Managing Blunt and Penetrating Chest Injuries: A Review of Prehospital Care Strategies

Awad Mohammed Awad Alanazi 1, Alanazi, Saqer Owaid A Alotaibi 1, Abdullah Fahad S Alruwaili 1, Mohammed Menwer M Mona 1, Awadallah Aladwani Alshehri 1, Mohammed Alwan J Khaled 1, Mohammed Q Alanazi 1, Adel Dakhel D Alharbi 1, Mohammed Sabeel Bashar Al-Harbi 1

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Integrative Biomedical Research (Journal of Angiotherapy) 8 (6) 1-10 https://doi.org/10.25163/angiotherapy.8610324

Submitted: 08 April 2024 Revised: 13 June 2024  Published: 15 June 2024 

Abstract

Background: Chest trauma is a leading cause of trauma-related mortality, accounting for approximately 25% of such deaths. Both blunt (e.g., motor vehicle collisions, falls) and penetrating (e.g., gunshot wounds, stab injuries) mechanisms can lead to life-threatening conditions such as tension pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac tamponade. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) play a critical role in stabilizing patients before hospital arrival, adhering to Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) principles. Aim: This review examines the effectiveness of prehospital interventions for blunt and penetrating chest injuries, focusing on rapid stabilization, timely transport, and evidence-based management strategies. Methods: A comprehensive analysis of prehospital care strategies was conducted, including airway management, needle decompression, hemorrhage control, and the use of ultrasound in field assessments. Emphasis was placed on differentiating critical injuries and prioritizing interventions that improve survival. Results: Key findings highlight the importance of early recognition and intervention for tension pneumothorax, open pneumothorax, and flail chest. Needle decompression and occlusive dressings are life-saving in the field, while rapid transport to trauma centers significantly improves outcomes. Prehospital ultrasound shows promise but is not yet widely adopted due to training and cost barriers. Conclusion: EMS interventions are vital in managing chest trauma, with a focus on stabilizing life-threatening conditions and minimizing on-scene delays. Future improvements should emphasize protocol standardization, enhanced training, and expanded use of diagnostic tools like ultrasound.

Keywords: Chest trauma, EMS, prehospital care, tension pneumothorax, blunt injury, penetrating injury, trauma management.

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