Understanding Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli: Implications for Infection Management in Cancer Patients
Jarin Nahar1*, Md Fatin2, Hasnat Karim2, Nabil Mostofa Ziad3
Microbial Bioactives 8(1) 1-8 https://doi.org/10.25163/microbbioacts.8110283
Submitted: 05 April 2025 Revised: 06 June 2025 Published: 08 June 2025
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) has become a significant challenge in infection management, particularly for immunocompromised individuals such as cancer patients. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains limits therapeutic options, complicating treatment and increasing mortality risks. Cancer patients are especially vulnerable due to chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, frequent hospitalizations, and exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, which facilitate the selection of resistant strains. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance in E. coli, such as enzymatic degradation of antibiotics, efflux pump overexpression, and alterations in target sites, is crucial in developing effective treatment strategies. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare settings have accelerated the evolution of resistant E. coli strains. Carbapenem-resistant E. coli, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, and fluoroquinolone-resistant variants are particularly concerning in oncology wards. Current management strategies focus on antimicrobial stewardship, rapid diagnostic techniques, and combination therapy approaches to mitigate resistance. Bioengineering and phage therapy have also emerged as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. This review explores the mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance in E. coli, its clinical impact on cancer patients, and potential strategies to overcome treatment challenges. By addressing the implications of antibiotic resistance within oncology settings, this article highlights the urgent need for novel therapeutic interventions, policy changes, and multidisciplinary collaboration to combat this growing crisis.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli, Cancer patients, Multidrug resistance (MDR), Infection management.
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