Natural Bioactives and Microbiome Based Precision Therapeutics for Cancer, Chronic, and neurodegenerative diseases

Israt Jahan Nisha¹*, Esrat Jahan Elora²

Natural bioactives and therapeutics based on the microbiota provide promising, focused methods for successfully treating chronic, neurological, and cancerous conditions.

Abstract

As modulation of the gut microbiome and host-microbiome interactions are potential strategies, natural bioactives for example, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids are increasingly employed. The gut microbiota metabolizes dietary polyphenols into neuroprotective metabolites and antineuro-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic agents. Polyphenol-rich dietary patterns have been shown to have 30 to 50% reduced risk of developing chronic diseases such cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes and colorectal neoplasia according to several studies of epidemiology. Curcumin has been found to decrease TNF-α and IL-6 levels by 50% and 47%, respectively, whereas insulin sensitivity enhancement and LDL cholesterol lowering are obtained at respective levels of 13 and 12% by polyphenol resveratrol in clinical and preclinical researches. Improvement of beneficial Bifid bacterium and Lactobacillus by 20 to and112% respectively were other effects on gut microbiota polyphenolic composition. Also, the arrangement of the gut microbiome controls the effectiveness of immunotherapy, where the attendance of Akkermansia muciniphila is related with 30-40% greater reply rates to PD-1 blockade. In the instance of neurodegenerative diseases, changes in short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria are present in 30-70% of patients. Bioactive compounds like quercetin have shown to decrease inflammatory neuropathic markers associated with inflammation by as much as 30%. Multi-omics strategies integrating microbiome analysis and precision medicine frameworks have achieved predictive accuracies over 85% tailored-medicine targets highlighting the need to refine treatment paradigms. Keywords: Natural Bioactives, Microbiome, Precision Therapeutics, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Diseases.

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